Which is perhaps why a greater percentage of small dogs suffer vaccine reactions. They’re not usually Yorkies, Maltese, Pomeranians, Chihuahuas, or any other sub-ten-pound breed or breed-mix. And average dogs are well … average sized. So it is that most canine vaccines are tested on 'average' dogs. The fact that extreme variation within the species exists, however, throws a significant monkey wrench into the works. Mostly, they need only to prove their vaccine is safe and effective in the species for which the vaccine is intended. Truth be told, there’s only so much testing a biological (vaccine) manufacturer can be reasonably expected to undertake. …because everyone knows that the drug companies perform extensive tests on Great Danes and Chihuahuas and everything in between so that it’s crystal clear who needs what and why. Which almost invariably makes most veterinarians roll their eyes… Rather, I’m often told I must administer only half the recommended dose (one cc) because that’s what the breeder, friend, relative, or Dr. 135,136 See the vaccine package insert for manufacturer recommendations and directions for proper storage and handling.Great question! It’s one I almost never get asked. 135,136 Multidose vaccines typically have preservatives to allow prolonged storage once the seal has been opened. A delay in vaccine reconstitution and administration could decrease the efficacy of the vaccine owing to the fragility of the vaccine and temperature fluctuations. 135,136 A new, sterile syringe and needle should always be used for proper vaccine administration. Single-dose vaccines (both freeze-dried and liquid forms) should not be removed from the refrigerator until the time of administration. 135,136 The refrigerated vaccine storage unit should be designated for only vaccines. Vaccines should be kept in their original packaging with lids closed until ready to open. 135,136 Remove deli, fruit, and vegetable drawers, as these areas have unstable temperatures and are unsuitable for storage. 135,136 Vaccines should be organized and placed centrally in the refrigeration unit to promote proper airflow, typically 2–3 inches from the walls and doors. 135,136 The thermostat should be set at midrange to achieve a temperature of ~5☌ (40° F), which will decrease the likelihood of temperature fluctuations. Refrigerated vaccines should be stored at temperatures between 2☌ and 8☌ (36☏ and 46☏).

Temperatures should be monitored and recorded per the veterinary team’s standard operating manual. A high-quality thermometer should be kept in the center of the refrigerator.

135,136 Either purpose-built or stand-alone units can be compact size or larger. The CDC recommends purpose-built units (also known as pharmaceutical grade) or stand-alone household refrigeration units to properly store vaccines. Storage and temperature monitoring equipment are critical to ensure proper vaccine potency. The development of a standard operating procedure to ensure proper ordering, storage, and administration is essential to the vaccine protocol of a veterinary healthcare provider. 135,136 The vaccine cold chain is a shared responsibility between the manufacturer, distributor, and veterinary team. In general, storage and handling require vaccines to be kept in a temperature-controlled environment from the time they leave the manufacturer to the time of their administration, a process known as the vaccine cold chain. 135 Specific details about storage and handling protocols can be found in each manufacturer package insert.

Improper handling and storage can decrease the efficacy of the vaccine, leaving the animal vulnerable to disease. However, they are only effective if they are stored and handled correctly. Vaccines are among some of the most important resources used to protect animals’ health.

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